机械加工是一种通过去除材料来制造零件、工具和仪器的技术性过程。这个过程通常涉及使用各种机床，如铣床、车床和钻床，通过精确的切割和成形操作将原材料转化为所需的形状和尺寸。尽管机械加工主要应用于金属，但它同样适用于木材、陶瓷和塑料等其他材料。机械加工车间还可能使用3D打印机进行增材制造，以补充传统的减材制造技术。
机加工的流程包括设计、CAD分析、传输、编程、工艺分析、设备重组、加工、检验和保养等多个环节。其中设计和工艺分析的环节非常重要，这两个环节的精度，决定了机加工零部件的质量。设计师需要制定精确的零部件图纸，包括具体的尺寸和要求。工艺分析则需要分析加工方案，并作出合理的工艺方案。
机加工适用于大型、结构复杂、多种材料加工的零部件、模具、模型等，根据产品不同的数量及产品结构可以选择相应的工艺，提供相应的产品解决方案。
01、加工设备
1）. 普通车床：
车床主要用于加工轴、盘、套和其他具有回转表面的工件，是机械制造中使用最广的一类机床加工。(能实现精度0.01mm)
2）. 普通铣床：
它可以加工平面、沟槽，也可以加工各种曲面、齿轮等，还能加工比较复杂的型面。（能实现精度0.05mm）
3）. 磨床
磨床是对工件表面进行磨削加工的机床。（能实现精度0.005mm，小件可以实现0.002mm）
4）. CNC车床
主要加工批量产品、精度高零件等。(能实现精度0.01mm)
5）. CNC铣床
主要加工批量产品、精度高零件、复杂零件、大工件等。(能实现精度0.01mm)
6）. 线切割
慢走丝使用的电极是黄铜线，中丝用的是钼丝。慢走丝加工精度高，表面光洁度好。加工一些精孔、精槽等。(慢走丝能实现精度0.003mm，中走丝能实现精度0.02mm)
7）. 火花机
电火花加工能加工普通切削加工方法难以切削的材料和复杂形状工件，不受材料硬度影响，不受热处理状况影响。(能实现精度0.005mm)
Machining is a technical process that makes parts, tools, and instruments by removing materials. This process typically involves the use of a variety of machine tools, such as milling machines, lathes, and drilling machines, to transform raw materials into the desired shape and size through precise cutting and forming operations. Although machining is primarily applied to metals, it is equally applicable to other materials such as wood, ceramics, and plastics. Machining shops may also use 3D printers for additive manufacturing to complement traditional subtractive manufacturing techniques.
The machining process includes design, CAD analysis, transmission, programming, process analysis, equipment reorganization, processing, inspection and maintenance. Among them, the design and process analysis are very important, and the accuracy of these two links determines the quality of machined parts. Designers need to develop accurate drawings of parts, including specific dimensions and requirements. Process analysis requires the analysis of the processing plan and the making of a reasonable process plan.
Machining is suitable for large-scale, complex structure, multi-material processing parts, molds, models, etc., according to the different quantities of products and product structure, you can choose the corresponding process, provide the corresponding product solutions.
01. Processing equipment
1). Ordinary lathes:
Lathes are mainly used to process shafts, discs, sleeves and other workpieces with rotating surfaces, and are the most widely used type of machine tools in machinery manufacturing. (Accuracy 0.01mm can be realized)
2). Ordinary milling machine:
It can process planes, grooves, various curved surfaces, gears, etc., and can also process more complex profiles. (Accuracy 0.05mm is possible)
3). Grinder
A grinding machine is a machine tool that grinds the surface of a workpiece. (Accuracy of 0.005mm, small parts of 0.002mm)
4). CNC lathes
It mainly processes batch products, high-precision parts, etc. (Accuracy 0.01mm can be realized)
5). CNC milling machine
It mainly processes batch products, high-precision parts, complex parts, large workpieces, etc. (Accuracy 0.01mm can be realized)
6). Wire cutting
The electrode used for slow wire is brass wire, and the medium wire is used for molybdenum wire. The slow wire processing precision is high and the surface finish is good. Processing some fine holes, fine grooves, etc. (The accuracy of slow wire can be 0.003mm, and the accuracy of medium wire can be 0.02mm)
7). Spark machine
EDM can process materials and workpieces with complex shapes that are difficult to cut by ordinary cutting methods, and are not affected by the hardness of the material or the heat treatment conditions. (Accuracy 0.005mm is possible)